The future of nursing in Nigeria depends substantially upon the quality and direction of nursing education. The expansion of health services, development of primary health care, increasing complexity of hospital practice and growing demand for professional participation in administration, education and research require a nurse whose preparation extends beyond mastery of routine procedures. This paper examines the development of nursing education in Nigeria and the growing importance of university-based preparation. It considers the relationship between hospital schools and universities, the need for stronger scientific and general education, clinical competence, preparation of nurse educators, post-basic specialization, continuing education and opportunities for educational advancement among practising nurses. The paper argues that university education should not produce nurses who are removed from bedside realities, nor should respect for traditional training be used to resist necessary educational progress. Nigeria requires multiple educational pathways linked by common professional standards and opportunities for progression. Nursing education must remain relevant to the country's major health needs while developing practitioners capable of leadership, inquiry and independent professional judgement.